FREE ESSAY ON BACKPACKING

BACKPACKING

BACKPACKING
Have you ever been fed up with the stress and noise of city life? Do you like spending
time outdoors? You are not alone. Every year thousands of people head to the nearby
Appalachian trail to get away and spend some quality time outdoors. 
Backpacking is, at least, an interesting way to spend time outdoors. By keeping all their
gear in a backpack, campers can travel distances with ease. The following will identify
and explain the techniques and equipment used for backpacking on the Appalachian Trail. 
The Appalachian Trail, or A.T. as it is known to backpackers, is a foot trail that runs
from Springer Mt., Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine. (Curran, 7) Running through the
Appalachian Mountains, the trail allows packers to encounter wooded landscape with a
variety of terrain, temperatures, and weather conditions. In practice, the Trail is
usually a simple footpath, purposeful in direction and concept, favoring the heights of
land and loaded for minimum reliance on construction for protecting the resource. The
body of the trail is provided by the lands it traverses, and it's soul is the living
stewardship of the volunteers and workers of the Appalachian Trail community. (definition
of the Appalachian Trail, from Appalachian Trail Management Principals.)(Curran,
7)Because the trail is over 2,100 miles long, it becomes very difficult for a packer to
hike the entire trail. Each year about 5,000 people attempt to thru-hike the Appalachian
Trail. Of these 5,000 it is estimated that less than 300 accomplish their goal. (Curran,
8) Many other packers enjoy weekend or short trips and hike the trail in pieces. Either
way, backpacking is extremely challenging and enjoyable. 
Hiking on the Appalachian Trail requires it's own kind of equipment, unique to
backpacking. Campers must have a sturdy reliable backpack to carry their equipment.
(Drury 37) Backpacks are generally supported by a combination of straps around the
shoulders and hips. Packs usually come in two styles: external frame and internal frame.
(Gorman,1) 
An external frame pack is an excellent choice in a backpack for many reasons. An external
pack is easy to load and organize because of the large panel that opens for easy access.
(Gorman, 1) External packs often have large pockets or compartments so that the
backpacker can quickly find a specific piece of equipment. (Howe 94-95) Another quality
of the external frame packs is that air circulates between the camper's back and the
packbag, keeping them cool in the hot summer months. (Golman,2) Perhaps best of all, they
don't drag hikers down when carrying a heavy load. Because external frame packs have a
higher center of gravity, they allow hiking in a more upright stance. (Gorman, 2) For a
pack that typically costs less than half an equivalent internal, these features are
noteworthy. 
Internal frames are built with lighter loads in mind. They are supported by stiff
aluminum poles inside the packbag. (Gorman 2) All of the camper's gear is stored inside
the pack as well because there are no outer poles to strap equipment to. Internal frame
packs carry the weight lower than externals, and closer to the back. The result is a pack
that has much better balance, ideal for off-trail hikers, but not too important for a
well groomed trail like the A.T. (Drury 41)  Select an internal or external frame pack
based upon the outdoor activities you normally do and consider that external frame packs
are generally less expensive. (Drury 43)
Another essential piece of equipment for the backpacker is shelter. (Drury, 56) Although
some lightweight enthusiasts prefer a simple rain-fly or tarp, bugs can often be a
problem. A tent is usually a good solution. There are many types of tents to choose from.
One reliable type of tent is the seventies style A-Frame. (Drury, 57) The A-Frame is a
triangle shaped tent that works well at keeping the weather out. (Wallace 41) The dome
tent is becoming more popular because it has more space with less weight. Dome tents use
fiberglass poles for support so they are strong, reliable and light. Dome tents keep rain
out well but do not always hold up in very high winds. (Wallace 42) 
Whichever tent is chosen, some common features are necessary. Most tents today are
designed with a bathtub floor, breathable walls, and a waterproof rainfly. (Drury 56)
First campers must find a tent with a bathtub bottom. This is sturdy waterproof nylon
that covers the bottom and 6 to 16 inches of the tent wall. (Drury 56) This design
eliminates the need for a ground cloth, thus cutting back on weight. Another important
feature is the breathable walls. Breathable fabric should prevent condensation, keeping
moisture from collecting and getting the camper wet anyway. Finally, tents should be
topped with a rainfly. Rainflies enhance ventilation and make sure that the tent is
waterproof. (Drury 56) 
One of the most basic and essential pieces of equipment is clothing. Clothes are selected
based on comfort, protection, and layering. (Wallace 21) Comfortable clothes are defined
as those that will keep the body cool in warm weather but warm in cold weather. Clothes
should be selected for the expected temperatures. Clothing quality is very important to
backpackers. With the limited wardrobe backpackers have, quality apparel that is rugged
and durable is well worth the money. (Wallace 21) The synthetic fabric of recent years
has performed well by providing better insulation, waterproofing and durability than
traditional fabrics. (Wallace 21-22) No matter what clothes that campers wear it is
essential for them to wear layers. The more layers worn, the warmer the body. Fewer
layers are worn to stay cool. (Wallace 23) Layering traps heat that the body produces and
keeps it there in air pockets. Layering also keeps packers dry and comfortable. (Wallace
23) By removing inner layers perspiration is removed so that the skin stays dry. At the
beginning of the day packers shed layers as it gets warmer. Near evening however, it
begins to get cooler and the layers are soon replaced. 
Rain gear is always an essential item. No matter what the weather forecast says, no
matter the season, no matter the climate: The only thing that will absolutely, positively
guarantee that no rain falls on you during your trip is your rain gear(Wallace 23)
A sturdy pair of boots are also very important for a trail like the A.T. (Wallace 25)
Boots should be flexible on top but stiff in the sole to prevent feet from twisting. 
Food is another of the most important, troublesome, and desired items that packers must
worry about. On the trail every ounce counts, and most common foods are simply too heavy
to haul through the mountains on our backs. (Drury 78) Also food must be easy to prepare
and be able to last without a refrigerator. Dehydrated and freeze dried foods do a good
job fulfilling these requirements but their taste leaves something to be desired. Some
people make rice or soup or other naturally long lasting, light, easy to prepare dishes
that can be found in the grocery store. 
Most parts of the A.T. have banned camp fires so a portable stove is a useful item to
have. Stoves can be distinguished by the gas that they burn. White gas, kerosene,
unleaded gasoline, alcohol, solid/jellied fuels, butane, propane and isobutane are the
most common types of fuels that you will find (Drury 62) The weight of the stove and the
fuel should be kept in mind, however. (Wallace 58-59)
Even with all the right gear there is still much more to backpacking. Walking with a 30
to 40 pound pack is like learning how to walk all over again. A slower pace is required
to prevent injury. Backpackers should try to walk with an easy stride, establishing a
smooth rhythm. (Wallace 49) When walking uphill a shorter stride is better, opening up
the stride when traveling downhill. (McManners 136)
It is very important to take breaks regularly on the trail. The suggested increment is a
5-10 minute break every 45 minutes of hiking. (Wallace 50) Breaks allow the packer to
relax, look around and really take a good view of the scenery. Wallace contributes Hiking
with your eyes on the trail will get you places, but unless you stop and look around, you
won't see where you've been (Wallace 50)
The Appalachian Trail is indeed great for backpackers for various reasons. The
Appalachian Trail offers possibilities; who knows what will be around the next turn? It
provides an opportunity to test oneself physically. The trail is a much needed break away
from civilized life with magnificent views padded in along the way. Most importantly
though, the trail is a path into oneself, a place to think, and to figure out one's place
in the world. (Wallace 9) Understanding the equipment and techniques needed to hike the
Appalachian Trail will result in a rewarding trip for anyone who takes up the challenge
of backpacking. 
WORKS CITED PAGE
Curran, Jan. The Appalachian Trail: A Journey of Discovery. Rainbow Books,1991
Drury, Jack, etal. The Campers Guide to Outdoor Pursuits. Sagamore Publishing 1997
Hodtetter, Kristin, etal. If it ain't broke. May 1998. Online. Backpacker.
www.SIRS/Researcher.com/backpacker/_1998
Howe, Steve. All Terrain Packing. Backpacker. October 1998:94-95
McManners, Hugh . The Complete Wilderness Training Book . NewYork: Dorling Kindersly,
1994
Walker, Celeste. Take A Hike! . April 1997. Online. Worldhealth Organization.
www.Sirs/Researcher.com/Hike/1997
Wallace, Joseph. The Backpacker's Companion. Smithwork. 1992