FREE ESSAY ON HISTORY OF SLAVERY

HISTORY OF SLAVERY

Slavery has been around since the beginning of man. It took place in the Old Testament and
in Babylon in the 18th Century BC. It has not always been the same. It has changed
dramatically. All of the slavery around the world in ancient times influenced and became
slavery in the United States.
In ancient times slavery was very different. The slaves were treated in a very different
manner. They actually had some certain rights . They had a right to engage in business
and to acquire property. They could also buy their own freedom if they had the money. 
Many different civilizations had slaves. The Summerians, Babylonians, Egyptians, and
Chinese all had slavery. Two well-known civilizations that had slavery were the Greeks
and Romans. In Greece, any citizen always had the prospect of becoming a slave. A Greek
slave could become free if they did some great service for the state. They had to be
elected to citizenship by more than 6,000 people. At any time a Greek person could become
a slave of another. It could happen because anything. Greek children were sometimes sold
into slavery. They had a lively slave trade. A Greek newborn inherited their status from
their mother. Some of these things were bad but Greek slaves did have it better than
Egyptian slaves. 
They were allowed to collect money so they could buy their freedom. They were also
allowed to practice private religious ceremonies and slave marriages were recognized. The
Roman Empire took over Greece and got slavery more organized and it also began to
decline. Rome also took over Egypt, North Africa, and Gaul. This gave them thousands of
slaves. The more territory they acquired, the greater the need for slaves was. There were
two types of slaves, public and private. Private slaves had masters, and public slaves
were owned by the state. Some private owners turned their slaves into gladiators. This
means they would have to fight other men or beasts to the death. This kind of cruelty led
to many revolts. These cruel practices continued until the fall of the Roman Empire in
the 476 AD. 
After the fall of Rome many changes were taking place. Christianity was coming into play.
Christianity encouraged the emancipation of slaves. This let slavery turn into serfdom.
With serfdom an individual didn't own a person. Serfdom took over slavery in the Middle
Ages. Serfs were attached to the land that they worked. The king owned all of the land in
the kingdom. The king would let nobles tend to large plots. The noble would allot a small
amount to a serf. Slavery as practiced in ancient times was not present in Medieval
Europe. 
In about 1440, a Portuguese man named Antam Goncalvez, who was a sea captain, captured
three Moors off the coast of Africa. In 1442, the Moors got their freedom by handing over
ten blacks. Those blacks were taken to Lisbon, Portugal and sold. Antam Goncalvez made a
return trip to Africa and picked up more blacks and sold them into slavery. In a year
over one thousand blacks were being taken to Portugal and being sold into slavery.
Portugal started supplying Spain with slaves. While all of this was going on, Columbus
had discovered the New World. Columbus had started a settlement on the island of
Hispaniola. The Carib Indians were native on that island. The Spanish enslaved them.
Those Indians did not make good slaves for the Spanish. This caused the ruler of Spain to
import black slaves onto the island. The source of slaves was very limited and the demand
for the slaves was extremely high. The demand was even higher when Spain took over Cuba,
Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. It was good for Spain because there was an unlimited supply of
blacks in Africa. By 1518 the Portuguese were selling African slaves right off the coast
Africa to New World settlers. This slave trade in the Caribbean was very profitable. The
Portuguese started off in charge of everything. This later on changed to the Spanish.
From Spanish control it then went to the Dutch, then finally the English. 
In 1562, Captain John Hawkins revolutionized the way slaves were captured. He would
encourage slave wars, capture slaves by force, and burn down black villages. This
resulted in the capturing of a lot of slaves. The male slaves were crammed tightly aboard
a ship. They then set off for a voyage across the Atlantic. This was called the Middle
Passage.
All of this led to the first American slave trade. In 1619, on the settlement of
Jamestown, as many as twenty blacks were traded for supplies. After that a steady supply
of slaves and indentured servants arrived on the colonies. They were not only sent to
Virginia, but the rest of the expanding settlements. As the colonies developed, there was
a great need for slaves because of agriculture. Over the next one hundred and fifty years
the slave trade grew rapidly. By 1776, when the colonies became independent, the slave
population was 500,000. The invention of the cotton gin changed slavery greatly. This
machine let cotton be produced thousands of times more than it had been. This created a
huge demand for slaves. This continued for 70 more years and caused many more problems
for the union. 
Slavery started out very different than it ended up. Slavery started as taking out a
couple of blacks from Africa and it turned into a major worldwide business for hundreds
of years. Slavery ended and it will never be missed. 
Bibliography
Bibliography
"Douglass, Frederick" Encarta Encyclopedia, NewYork. Microsoft Publishing, 1999
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"Truth, Sojourner" Encarta Encyclopedia, NewYork. Microsoft Publishing, 1999
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"Washington, Booker T." Encarta Encyclopedia, NewYork. Microsoft Publishing, 1999